Biologically , an adult is an organism that has reached sexual maturity. In human context, the term adult additionally has meanings associated with social and legal concepts. In contrast to a " minor ", a legal adult is a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent, self-sufficient , and responsible. The typical age of attaining legal adulthood is 18, although definition may vary by legal rights and country.

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The most important feature of conducting safe pediatric sedation is the ability to assess and manage the pediatric airway. The upper airway is composed of three segments:. There are a number of developmental characteristics that distinguish the pediatric airway from the adult airway:. In addition, the large occiput of the infant places the head and neck in the flexed position when the patient is placed recumbent, further exacerbating airway obstruction. During normal inspiration, negative intrapleural pressure generated in the thorax creates a pressure gradient from the mouth to the airways, resulting in airflow into the lungs.

Clark's rule and Young's rule are two of several different methods of calculating pediatric dosages. These methods are used when either the manufacturer has not recommended dosages for children or the prescriber has requested them to be used. The best explanation for these is simply that children vary so much in weight, size, tolerances, etc. Pharmacy Tech Study.